Referral to emergency
If any of the following are present or suspected, please refer the patient to the emergency department (via ambulance if necessary) or seek emergent medical advice if in a remote region.
- nil
For clinical advice, please telephone the relevant metropolitan Local Health Network switchboard and ask to speak to the relevant specialty service.
Women's and Children's Health Network
- Women’s and Children’s Hospital (08) 8161 7000
Category 1 - appointment clinically indicated within 30 days
- early onset of breast development in girls less than 6 years of age
- early onset of testicular enlargement in boys less than 9 years of age
Category 2 — appointment clinically indicated within 90 days
- breast development in girls between 6 to 8 years of age
- early onset of pubic hair development in girls less than 8 years or boys less than 9 years of age
- delayed puberty
Category 3 — appointment clinically indicated within 365 days
- nil
Essential referral information
Completion required before first appointment to ensure patients are ready for care. Please indicate in the referral if the patient is unable to access mandatory tests or investigations as they incur a cost or are unavailable locally.
History
- past medical/surgical history, including:
- age of onset of breast development
- age of onset of pubic hair development
- age of menarche
- is puberty absent or stalled?
- medical conditions or treatments causing delayed growth and puberty
- history of pituitary or gonadal problems
- family history, including parents’ heights and pubertal timing
- current medications and dosages
- allergies and sensitivities
- onset, duration, and progression of symptoms
- management history including treatments trialled/implemented prior to referral
Examination
- examination findings, including Tanner staging
- height/weight/body mass index (BMI)
Investigations
- bone age X-ray
- luteinizing hormone (LH)
- follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Testosterone (boys) or oestradiol (girls)
If breast development:
- LH
- FSH
- oestradiol
If increase in testicular size:
- LH
- FSH
- testosterone
If increase in pubic hair:
- early morning 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP)
- dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)
- testosterone
Clinical management advice
Breast and pelvic ultrasounds are not helpful for diagnosis in adolescence.
The onset of puberty usually occurs between 8 and 13 years in girls and between 9 and 14 years in boys. Girls reach menarche 2 to3 years after the onset of puberty. Full pubertal development occurs over 4 to 5 years.
Early puberty is defined as breast or pubic hair development before the age of 8 years in girls and testicular enlargement (testes > 4ml in volume) and pubic hair before the age of 9 years in boys. It is often associated with a rapid tempo of pubertal progression and increased height velocity.
Delayed puberty is defined as no breast development by age 13 years or no menstrual periods by age 16 years in girls and no testicular enlargement (testes < 4ml in volume) by age 14 years in boys.
General information
Contact Women’s and Children’s Hospital (WCH) endocrinology on-call on (08) 8161 7000 for advice or to escalate and discuss any clinical concerns.
Recent pathology results will be required prior to outpatient appointment. Consider providing repeat pathology form to patient at time of referral.
Patients who have previously been seen by a specialist are encouraged to be referred back to their care for further review if required.
Referrals are accepted at the discretion of the triaging clinician. If you are concerned that your patient requires specialist review, but may not fit the criteria provided, you are encouraged to contact the specialist team to discuss your concerns.
Clinical resources
- Therapeutic Guidelines - Delayed Puberty in Females
- Therapeutic Guidelines - Delayed Puberty in Males
- Therapeutic Guidelines - Precocious Puberty
Consumer resources
Reason for request
- to establish a diagnosis
- for treatment or intervention
- for advice and management
- for specialist to take over management
- for a specified test/investigation the General Practitioner cannot order
- for other reason (e.g. rapidly accelerating disease progression)
- transfer of care from another tertiary service
- clinical judgement indicates a referral for specialist review is necessary.
Patient demographic details
- full name, including aliases
- date of birth
- residential and postal address
- telephone contact number/s – home, mobile and alternative
- Medicare number, where eligible
- name of the parent or caregiver, if appropriate
- preferred language and interpreter requirements
- identifies as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander
Clinical modifiers
- impact on employment
- impact on education
- impact on home
- impact on activities of daily living
- impact on ability to care for others
- impact on personal frailty or safety
- identifies as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander
Other relevant information
- Willingness to have surgery, where surgery is a likely intervention.
- Choice to be treated as a public or private patient.
- Compensable status, e.g. DVA, Work Cover, Motor Vehicle Insurance, etc.
- Relevant social history, including identifying if you feel your patient is from a vulnerable population, under guardianship/out-of-home care arrangements and/or requires a third party to receive correspondence on their behalf.
- Triage of a specialist outpatient referral is based on clinical decision making to allocate an appropriate urgency categorisation.
- Where appropriate and where available, the referral may be streamed to an associated public allied health and/or nursing service. Access to some specific services may include initial assessment and management by associated public allied health and/or nursing, which may either facilitate or negate the need to see the public medical specialist.
- A change in patient circumstance (such as condition deteriorating or pregnancy) may affect the urgency categorisation and should be communicated as soon as possible.
- All new referrals will be triaged by a consultant and appointment times scheduled according to clinical urgency.
Adolescents transitioning from paediatric to adult specialist services require a formal handover from paediatric specialist clinician to adult specialist clinician as well as a formal referral from the referring specialist to ensure initial transfer of care is completed.
The General Practitioners role in this process is to provide support to patients as part of holistic care. All ongoing referrals to specialists can subsequently be provided by the General Practitioner once the transfer of care has occurred.